Critical Evaluation Of Continuing Professional Development In Hrm

In this essay the writer presents a critical rating of the four phases of the Continuing Professional Development ( CPD ) rhythm as a tool to back up her CPD in Human Resource Management ( HRM ) . The CPD procedure can be carried out by set abouting bit-by-bit procedure ( see, Figure 1 ) . However, the footing for most preparation remains the traditional preparation procedure system ( see Figure2 ) . Therefore, we will utilize the traditional preparation procedure system for our analysis. Specifying the CPD poses an interesting job although a figure of high research workers and administration have categorised the different attacks. The Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development ( CIPD ) define CPD as â€Å" the demand for persons to maintain up to day of the month with quickly altering cognition † ( Website 1 ) . Other administrations refer to structured procedures â€Å" to keep, develop and heighten accomplishments, cognition and competency both professionally and personally in order to better public presentation at work † ( Website 2 ) . The Chartered Institute of Management ( Website 3 ) provinces that ‘Effective CPD is a committedness to professionalism – it shows that you have taken personal duty for guaranting that you have the accomplishments and cognition necessary to run into the challenges of an of all time changing universe. The procedure should profit the person, and besides the concern as a whole.Evaluation of the four ph ases of the CPD rhythmThe traditional preparation procedure system ( see Figure2 ) of CPD rhythm comprises four chief stairss: 1 ) Identifying development demands, i.e. , placing preparation and acquisition demands ; 2 ) inventing a acquisition program – prioritizing demands and choosing appropriate activities ; 3 ) project development activities and ; 4 ) recording and measuring results ( Megginson & A ; Whitaker, 2007 ) . Now, if we consider the contents of the MSc in HRM, in relation to the CPD rhythm and the writer ‘s attack to accomplishing her ends, i.e. , finishing the MSc in HRM with at-least virtue base on balls for most faculties together with appropriate atom experiences. The first measure is that placing development demands. Harmonizing to Inglis ( 1994 ) placing development demands means developing an Extraordinary Realistic Self Image ( ERSI ) , which should dwell the elements of work it self, contemplation by ego, feedback from others, single psychometric & A ; self -diagnostic steps, organisational prosodies and professional prosodies. Furthermore in the instance of single identifying development needs includes, feedback from others, self-assignment, contemplation, personal & A ; professional congruity and aspirations / dreams. In this instance, the writer as an person, taking all the above factors into consideration she set up her development needs as follows ; by analyzing MSc in HRM she wish to develop her ability to do an effectual part at a strategic degree in today ‘s quickly altering organisational contexts, internally or externally. She besides wants to larn more about the effectual direction and use of human resources in organisations. By the terminal of this class, she hope to accomplish more cognition about strategic position and operational position, besides she would wish to derive more cognition and accomplishments to actuate and pull off employees, and go a brooding practician in this specialist field, alleged human resources direction, and develop a strategic apprehension of HRM in relation to organisational procedures. At present the writer is merely an affiliate member of the CIPD and by the terminal of the class she aims to derive graduate rank of the CIPD and in the long clip her a spirations is to go a chap of CIPD. Now, she needs some standard for make up one's minding which of these demands should be given precedence. In relation to this Stephen Covey ( 1990 ) emphasized the demand to concentrate on the countries that are of import and non-urgent. Megginson ( 1994 ) created a model called SPICE, which covers a scope of countries and has a memorable acronym. SPICE involves puting ends in the countries of spirit, physical, intellect, calling and emotion. Another theoretical account presented by Hawkins ( 1999 ) , alleged BEST theoretical account suggests that we can put ends that get the best out of us if we look for ends that help us to: Broaden – move us into new countries ; Enjoy – acquire us making more of the things that we love ; Stretch – take us into new countries, making more, facing bigger challenges ; Think -challenge our apprehension and command, demanding deeper penetration. The following model to take into history is the manners theoretical account discussed in Boydell and Leary ( 1996 ) . Each manner has certain cardinal features and strengths, and the big motions of our life, when we notice that we are sing the universe from a radically different position are about traveling from one manner to the following. Figure 3 briefly describes each of the manners, which may assist to place where we stand in our development. The theoretical account begins at the underside and as we develop we work up through the manners over the old ages. The writer is following the BEST ( Broaden, Enjoy, Stretch, Think ) theoretical account for prioritising her demands and choosing appropriate activities, it is in her position that this theoretical account is more appropriate to her instance. Because, set abouting the MSc in HRM she additions more cognition and accomplishments in the field of HRM. She is basking making the class and making more of the things she love. On the other manus the class is rather a disputing one due to the nature of the class contents and the manner of survey ( i.e. , full clip ) besides the clip constrain is a large factor. Therefore, she is stretching her ego to equilibrate the professional and personal life. However, her desire to believe in front and carry through her aspirations allows her to confront the challenges and demanding her to make more to acquire a deeper penetration of the topics. Now, traveling on to set abouting development activities, these should be in the signifier of professional work-based activities ( e.g. work undertaking and new undertaking ) , courses & A ; conferences ( e.g. CIPD branch meetings ) , and autonomous informal acquisition ( e.g. reading, action acquisition and brooding journal ) . In relation to this the writer is engaged in professional work-based activities via work-placement, which allows her to utilize the theories into patterns that she learned though formal talks and farther readings. Furthermore her autonomous informal acquisition such as readings, allows her to utilize broad theoretical constructs into her assignments, tests, and practical activities. This allows optimising her cognition and accomplishments, every bit good as accomplishing her ends with assurances. Recording and measuring results – the procedure of composing helps us to condense experiences, acknowledge forms and discern tendencies. It enables us to retrieve what has gone earlier and gaining control lessons for the hereafter. It can besides be kept for CIPD upgrading applications ( Megginson & A ; Whitaker, 2007 ) . The writer has included an grounds of her ain reflecting back Continuing Professional Development ( CPD ) record and traveling frontward program, which spans the period of her MSc in HRM taught programme and program for farther development. She was really pleased about her overall public presentation so far, but it is in her ain position that she could hold done even better in one or two topics, nevertheless due to clip constrains and other factors which are beyond her control made it hard to execute on a highest degree for those two topics. Therefore, for the hereafter undertakings, she will fix good by reading broad scope of stuffs including talks notes and garnering critical information from varies beginnings, for illustration, this is peculiarly really of import for her thesis that will be the immediate hereafter undertaking for her. Furthermore, better pull off the clip and program in front early as possible, and she believes that will take to the better result. So far, the writer ‘s attack to formal educational CPD activities ( MSc in HRM ) explained by and large with regard to CPD rhythm. Now, she considers the whole CPD procedure by placing farther demands to travel through the CPD rhythm once more. With regard to MSc in HRM, measuring her current accomplishments, she studied broad scope of HRM maps, theoretical accounts and methods used in administrations. Through these surveies she is now able to analyze and critically measure the map of the director and administration based direction constructions alongside the function of human resource direction within a scope of organizational scenes. The writer ‘s able to show a critical apprehension of a scope of methods and theoretical accounts used in administration and concern analysis from the position of human resource direction. She have an thought of how leading developments and how learning & A ; development is working in an organisation ( e.g. coaching, and e-learning ) and how is the one-year wage reappraisal managed and application of Performance Related Payment ( PRP ) system worked ; besides an up-to day of the month information about current statute laws ; the employee communications and how the people resourcing sche mes managed. Therefore, she has insight cognition of broad country of Human Resource Management ( HRM ) . Furthermore the writer is able to show a theoretical and critical apprehension of the histrions, context, mechanisms, procedures, and processs that regulate and shape the employment relationship, including an grasp of the contrasting positions and readings within employment dealingss. Furthermore, she can show critical apprehension and analytical consciousness of how employment dealingss constructs, policies and patterns are applied within administrations to lend to the direction of people and organizational public presentation. As she reflecting on the results, it is her position that she need to use the cognition and accomplishments gained over the twelvemonth through her surveies. However, it is of import to observe that the writer developed her HR accomplishments in the country of Employee Relations ( ER ) through the work arrangement ; it has strengthened her ability through undertaking direction in existent life state of affairs.RecommendationsAs the CPD rhythm continue throughout her professional life, for the writer ‘s immediate hereafter patterns the undermentioned activities are recommended. First, outlining a realistic traveling frontward program, this should incorporate the cardinal countries of development, that has to be achieved in the following twelvemonth or so, and a clip graduated table for the reappraisal of professional development demands. Second, networking and improved communications with academic and industrial communities within the HRM field is greatly encouraged. This allows her to interchange thoughts and other information for optimised public presentations for her ego and the administration. Finally, go oning work based preparation is recommended for long-run development of her calling.DrumheadIn this essay critical rating of the writer ‘s attack to the formal educational larning CPD activity ( i.e. the MSc in HRM ) with mention to the assorted phases of battle with the CPD rhythm is presented. Conducting this formal educational acquisition activity the writer seeks to broaden and intensify her consciousness of the subject of Human Resource direction, cognition and accomplishments. The class covers theory every bit good as practical applications ( i.e. , through the work-placement ) , and lead to a making ( MSc in HRM ) . Within the context of CPD procedure, the writer ‘s contemplation on her ain CPD from both a practical and a theoretical point of position are presented. Furthermore, the writer ‘s motive, battle and direction activ ities related to the MSc in HRM strategy are described. Finally some recommendations are suggested for the writer ‘s future pattern.

Influence of Entertainment Media Paper Essay

After a hard day at work or after accomplishing the tasks of the day, people turn to entertainment media such as a book or magazine, a newspaper, turn on the radio or television, hear music, play video games, or go watch a movie. It is a form of leisure we seek to get ourselves amused (Curtis, 2011). Entertainment media has been widely used every day by children, adults, and elderly people. Many people do not realize the large amount of time spent using entertainment media by using mobile devices (Lule, 2012). How entertainment media shaped American Culture Entertainment media has shaped American culture by influencing the way we think, the way we feel, what to wear, what to listen to, political and religious views and believes. Magazines, newspapers, radio and television provide information on every day topics and news around the world. This is valuable information that helps us become more knowledgeable of the news even though this type of media only informs a certain percentage of the truth (Lule, 2012). It is in our culture to value and determine how factual the information provided and the way this is conveyed to the public. Social Influences of Entertainment Media: Positive or Negative Social influences such as, Facebook and Twitter create a negative form of entertainment media. Mass communication is widely intended to entertain (Curtis, 2011). When people use social networks, there are many commercials that may influence what is the latest fashion trend or what products to purchase. We may not have much opinion of what decision to make because we are constantly influenced by the entertainment media we watch, hear or read. Conclusion Entertainment media is a mere reflection of our behaviors and attitudes. Most  of our opinions are based on what we saw on television or what we heard on the radio or even what a friend posted on Facebook. Our behaviors and attitude are influenced by entertainment media that reflects the way we live our daily lives. References Lule, J. (2012). Flat world knowledge. Retrieved from University of Phoenix eBook Collection database.  © 2011 Dr. Anthony Curtis, Mass Communication Dept., University of North Carolina at Pembroke

Audiovisual Cues in Bilingual Language Acquisition

Audiovisual Cues in Bilingual Language Acquisition Article title: Bilingualism modulates infants’ selective attention to the mouth of a talking face Authors: Pons, F., Bosch, L., Weikum et al., 2007). Significant research has been conducted to explore the auditory domain of bilingual language acquisition and there is strong evidence that both bilinguals and monolinguals rely on redundant audiovisual speech (Rosenblum, 2008; Stein, 2012; Sebastià ¡n-Gallà ©s et al., 2012). However, this paper seeks to understand the importance of audiovisual cues as a mechanism that bilingual infants utilize during complex language processing in comparison to monolingual infants. METHODS (234 words) To test these predictions they conducted two experiments each on infants whose native languages were Spanish/Catalan. The goal of the first experiment was to extend the findings of previous studies about monolingual, native English speaking, infants’ use of audiovisual speech cues to infants whose native languages are eithe r Spanish or Catalan. Sixty monolingual infants (with native languages of either Spanish or Catalan) participated in this experiment and formed three groups: 4, 8 and 12 month-old infants with 20 participants in each group. Stimuli, 45-second videos of one of two female actors speaking a monologue in English or Spanish/Catalan, were presented on a computer screen in front of the infant. Each infant watched one video of a monologue in their native language and a second video of a monologue in English. Throughout the procedure, an eye-tracker was utilized to enable researchers to collect data about their attention to two areas of interest (AOI), the speaker’s mouth and eyes. The second experiment investigated how bilingual infants’ selective attention to these AOI changes and develops in their first year of life. 63 Spanish-Catalan bilingual infants (once again divided into groups of 4, 8 and 12-month-olds) were presented with the same stimuli as in the first experimen t and researchers tracked their eye movements to AOI. They conducted a Mann-Whitney test to compare the vocabularies of the monolingual and bilingual infants and found no significant difference between their lexica. DISCUSSION (399 words) The results from the first experiment successfully extended the findings of Lewkowicz and Hansen Tift’s (2012) study to monolingual speakers in Spain of Catalan or Spanish. They saw the same developmental trends with language acquisition and attention to AOI with this group of infants: when presented with both native and non-native audiovisual stimuli 4-month-old infants spent more time attending to the eyes of the speaker and 8-month-old infants spend more time attending to the mouth of the speaker. When presented with stimuli in their native language, the 12-month-old infants spent equal time looking at the mouth and eyes but with stimuli in their non-native language they spent more time looking at the mouth than the eyes. One of th e most intriguing comparisons explores the differences between the monolingual and bilingual infants’ developmental pattern of attention during audiovisual stimuli presentation (comparing Experiment 1 and 2). They found the biggest differences at 4-months and 12-months. 4-month-old bilingual infants attended equally to the mouth and eyes while the 4-month-old monolinguals spent more time attending to the eyes. 12-month-old bilingual infants spent more time attending to the mouth in both native and non-native language presentation while the monolinguals attended more to the mouth only in non-native trials. On average the bilingual infants spent more time attending to the mouth of the speaker than monolinguals at their same age. These findings support evidence that audio input is not the sole contributor to language acquisition and differentiation. Visual cues are crucial in understanding and interpreting speech because there is not a 1:1 relationship between speech signals a nd meaning; we must use hermeneutics and external cues to make sense of language. The McGurk Effect demonstrates this idea: when just using audio input a person hears â€Å"ba, ba† but when provided with audiovisual stimulus, a person hears â€Å"da da† as a result of hearing â€Å"ba, ba† but seeing the mouth produce â€Å"ga ga.† These early studies illustrate the importance of visual input but do not explore how this reliance on external cues during development is different for bilinguals. This paper offers fascinating evidence that shows how monolingual and bilingual infants rely on audiovisual input to acquire, perceive and comprehend language. Research still must explore how these effects continue after 12 months old, once native and non-native language systems are more defined: do bilingual young adults still look more at the mouth than the eyes of a speaker? REFERENCES Bijeljac-Babic, R., Serres, J., Hà ¶hle, B., & Nazzi, T. (2012). Effect of bilingualism on lexical stress pattern discrimination in French-learning infants. PLoS ONE , 7 (2), e30843.       Bosch, L., & Sebastià ¡n-Gallà ©s, N. (2001b). Evidence of early language discrimination abilities in infants from bilingual environments. Infancy , 2 , 29-49. Lewkowicz, D. J., & Hansen-Tift, A. M. (2012). Infants deploy selective attention to the mouth of a talking face when learning speech. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA , 109 , 1431-1436. Oller, D. K., Eilers, R. E., Urbano, R., & Cobo-Lewis, A. B. (1997). Development of precursors to speech in infants exposed to two languages. Journal of Child Language , 24 , 407-426. Pons, F., Bosch, L., & Lewkowicz, D.J. (2014). Bilingualism modulates infants’ selective attention to the mouth of a talking face. Psychological Science , 26.4, 490-498. Rosenblum, L. D. (2008). Speech perception as a multimodal phenomenon. Current Directions in Psychological Science , 17 , 405-409. Stein, B. E. (2012). The new handbook of multisensory process- ing . Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Weikum, W. M., Vouloumanos, A., Navarra, J., Soto-Faraco, S., Sebastià ¡n-Gallà ©s, N., & Werker, J. F. (2007). Visual lan- guage discrimination in infancy. Science , 316 , 1159.

Can torture be ethical Discuss in relation to the War on Terror Essay

Can torture be ethical Discuss in relation to the War on Terror - Essay Example There were often many manuals given to convey the torture techniques and the implications. Written codes and conducts were also regulated to redefine the process of torture and differentiate what is acceptable and what is impermissible (Scott, 2003, p27). As the theories enhanced, there is a huge debate on the torture ethics which is going on since years, and especially after 2001 when there was an initiative of the war on terror by collaboration of many countries. Some debate that torture has always been immoral and unjustifiable, whereas many of the modern theorists and socialists suggest that if torturing an evil man because of which many lives can be saved, then there is no better moral decision that could be taken (Wisnewski, Emerick, 2009, p 78). Thus, war on terror is a justifiable process which is carried out throughout the Western world, and if it includes the practices of torturing then torture can be considered ethical too, in a broad scope. There are many ethical argument s that have risen up related to torture and its value to the society. The major argument that supports the ethics or torture is the fact that it is an essential tool. Many of the countries condemn the use of torture and consider it not only unethical but also unlawful. Whereas many countries still use it as their tool and consider it as effective in many circumstances (Harbury, 2005, p95). There are many arguments placed forth and the basic debate lie in the views presented by deontological and utilitarian viewpoints. Both the viewpoints hold justification in their own way. The utilitarian viewpoint suggests that torture can be justified if the overall outcome of the action is positive. This refers to the process of torture which is used as a tool to investigate and weed the evil out of a person or criminal. In this belief, the utilitarian thinker might consider the outcome as the only source of judgment and to decide whether the act of torturing is moral or not. The outcome can def ine the long term effects in which lives may be saved and evil may be finished. This is the primary factor on which torture is used as a tool (Greenberg, 2006, p50). Opposing the utilitarian view is the deontological view which came from the word duty. This viewpoint suggests that the rules and values hold immense importance and they should be fulfilled as the first priority rather than the outcome. Utilitarian thinkers give immense respect to the moral values and ethics over the outcomes of allowing torture or restricting it. However, if the outcome is uncertain or can not be known, then the utilitarian thinker would state that torture is wrong and unjustifiable (Skerker, 2010, p154). There are any arguments seen favoring the utilitarian views against torture and in some parts of the world, the laws support these views as well. The war on terror or war on terrorism is known to describe the campaign set out by the US and includes many other countries such as the UK. The term is comm only used and it applies to the campaign which is initiated against the al-Qaeda and other militant groups which are associated to it. The aim of this campaign was to eliminate the powers and actions of such militant organizations. The September 11 attack on the World Trade Centre gave rise to many militant groups that tend to declare war against America. These groups were the terrorists and in regard to those, the phrase War on Terror was used and made popular by the military organizations of the US. Soon it became

Managerial Decision Making Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managerial Decision Making - Assignment Example The problems arose due to the negative flows of cash flow. Sometimes inflows were delayed which created liquidity problems in the short run since vendors needed to be paid on time. To solve these issues, dependence was sought on spreadsheets and accounting statements that exasperated the problem beyond the scope of any possible solution. Use of manual and computer software that were not suited to handle such voluminous data often led to IT disruptions that could not be readily solved. It would become necessary to seek professional help of people â€Å"with recourse with practical experience with SAP system administration.† (ADM 110- installation SAP ECC 6.0, n.d). The main criteria that needed to be developed and installed were in terms of creating such modern, state-of-the-art technology that could create â€Å"Automate receivables, invoicing, and cash reconciliation processes to shorten order-to-cash cycles.† (Grow your company and get out of noman’s land, n.d, para.1). It was necessary to process verbose, large, discrete financial and accounting information into the precise, succinct and understandable language. 1. It should not create more problems than what is currently in vogue. Rather, it should be able to resolve problems and usher ineffectiveness and streamlined processing of  business inputs. 2. It needs to be cost-effective and easy to maintain, without much hassle. 3. Whether the prevailing system needs to be fully scrapped or used in conformity and coordination with this system needs to be considered. Scrapping the earlier system would lead the management with no bailout or exit plan in the event SAP encountered Problems that would define the solutions. 4. Whether its cost-benefit plans would be positive and yield results from Day One. 1.4. Generating alternatives: When outside consultant could not deliver a viable SAP solution to accounting problems, it would become necessary to start â€Å"an in-house SAP resource without rival and, ultimately, a business system beyond their expectations† (White, 2004, para.1) or it could also be possible to seek out other suites or packages sold by SAP’s rivals like â€Å"Microsoft or Oracle.† (Greenbaum, 2006, para.5). 1.5. Choosing the best alternative: The best solution for ERP induced SAP accounting would be simple and easy to install and operate, amenable for further development and upgrades if and when necessary with the capability of handling the voluminous traffic with relative ease. â€Å"Through the SAP system, it will be easy to organize and simplify tracking methods and recording financial transactions.† (Abayomi, 2010, para.5).

Financial report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Financial report - Essay Example The company generates more than $100 billion a year out of its profits (Fallowfleld 10 ). McDonald’s is able to reach out all our clients/customers all the time. The bulk of our company’s communication focuses on the products and sales. The company often varies and communicates frequently with our customers based on the type of calls and messages they write. Instead of using promotions and advertisements, they opted to use newsletters and soft-sell messages send directly to clients. This was McDonald’s business strategy to increase its sales of food and franchise around the globe. This was during the battle for supremacy and competition for survival. Because of this, McDonald’s stock price increased during this period as indicated in the chart below. The success of McDonald was largely because of the supportive and well-guided staff as well as committed in producing better results for the company in the right manner such as executing and operating and implementing innovative technologies and utilizing opportunities available (Grez et al., 9). The table below indicates the strong platform in the financial market that the company has ranking them as the best in the US and the World. McDonald is considered as a member of Franchise major companies in the world. Among them are Starbucks and Pizza Hut as well as KFC. The ideal reasons why they are called Franchise majors are that they control more than 26% of world fast food franchise. The chart below indicates the percentage of the Franchise Majors (Yuece 12). The two biggest competitors are Starbucks and Pizza Hut. As indicated from the table below, McDonald has not been left behind line of the key competitors. The company is always doing well as compared to its industry average in contrast to other essential ratios. The company has a high market capitalization than its industry

Policy Development paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Policy Development - Term Paper Example Domestic Violence is one form of Interpersonal violence which is defined as violence committed by a person or persons inside a home against Elderly, young adult, intimate partner or children by another member of the same family. (Hayes-Bautista, Schink and Chapa, 2005) However, US Criminal Justice Policy only includes criminal murder or attempt of murder, forced or simple physical attack, sexual harassment, and burglary as violent crimes under the criminal codes. Most commonly their own children or children of their children abuse elders of the family. (De- Chesnay, Mary, 2008) Sometimes the poor health of older adults disturbs other members of the family as they become bound to listen to music in a low volume. As older people stay inside all the times so they don’t let others watch television channels of their own choice, which annoys other members of the family. Most of the older members of the family walk and talk slowly that also bothers others. Particularly in the case of violence against the elderly, lots of people agree to include emotional or mental abuse and neglect as a type of violence even if there is no existence of physical force. (Kilpatrick and Acierno, 2003) This is true that that mental or emotional abuse or neglect is ethically wrong and can prove to be extremely harmful to the elderly. Though, the main focus of this paper will be the US Government Policy for Elderly Abuse and Domestic Violence. Since the main objective of this document is to talk about US policy for Domestic Violence against Elderly it will be useful to first define public policy. Public Policy is defined as a group of laws, dictatorial measures, courses of acts, and financial support priorities in relation to a given issue that is publicized by a legislative body or its representatives. (Davidhizar & Shearer, 1999). Any policy is implemented by obeying legislation and regulation. The policy has played a major role in the manner America and other nations o the world d eal with the dilemma of violence against the general public or elderly. US policy has made authorizing laws for Elderly physical or mental health issues, that also deals with the dilemma of violent crime against elderly at domestic or general level. The US Government has fixed the particular amount of funding that is spent in running programs that promotes prevention of elderly from violence at domestic or general level. Accoring to famous American Surgeon General C. Everett Koop, domestic violence is a major causative agent for poor physical or mental health problems in elderly. After his research, considerable efforts have been made to improve the usage of public health approaches and prevent the occurrence of domestic violence in adults. For a number of reasons that include major immigration flows, lower mortality, and longer life expectancy, most of the growth in America's elder population in the recent past has been driven by growth in the numbers of elderly of all nationalitie s and will continue to be so for the foreseeable future. The US Government is now showing a special interest in improving policies against Elderly Abuse. (Kilpatrick, 2003) Its main reason is, such types of crime eventually cost a lot to the society.  

Discuss teaching strategies that enhance pupils' writing ability with Essay

Discuss teaching strategies that enhance pupils' writing ability with particular reference to improving boys' writing skills. Focus on at least two different genres of writing in your answer - Essay Example Though in general, both the gender find writing challenging, the differences in learning styles, and attitude to literacy, and cognitive abilities make teacher’s work challenging in the classroom to ensure delivery of equitable education. This paper gives an overview of the general difficulties faced by literacy pupils and moves on to have a closer look at boys and literacy, with specific reference to their writing skills. It also strives to suggest teaching strategies, learning resources and activities to enhance writing skills of boys in literacy classroom. National Literacy Trust (2009) says that â€Å"national tests have indicated that writing scores lag behind reading generally†. Teaching language involves four skills: listening, speaking, reading and writing, of which writing is of the highest difficulty level and comes at the end. This partly explains the challenge faced by pupils in any literacy classroom. Writing is a complex skill that involves critical operation of the thinking abilities that works hand in hand with the knowledge of language structure, vocabulary, syntax and grammar. It is obviously challenging to learn this complex skill of writing. Literacy and language teachers adopt various teaching methodologies and classroom techniques to develop writing skill in their students. Different tools like journals, notebooks, and group sharing strategies are widely used in the classrooms. Equal importance is also given to pre-writing tasks as much as that is given to the actual writing itself. Beyond this, revision also is insisted. In general, there are a few apparent reasons for writing being one of the challenging skills to learn. Firstly, it is a complex activity that requires the use and coordination of multiple faculties like cognitive and linguistic abilities. Also, genre-specific conventions are to be adhered to and require knowledge of the

Visual Rock Music Stars Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Visual Rock Music Stars - Research Proposal Example The information from the interview will be used alongside photographs of the group over the period to assess how the changes in belief may have affected the way in which they dress. An outline of the interview questions is given below. These will be posed to the group as a whole so that the opinions of all the band members may be taken into consideration. 1. Den Tandt, Christophe "From craft to corporate interfacing: Rock musicianship in the age of music television and computer-programmed music." Popular Music and Society 27, no. 2 (June 2004): 139-160. This article examines the changes which have occurred to the rock music genre in recent years. It is relevant to the research as it suggests what changes may have occurred in rock music bands as a result of music television. It is likely that music television will have affected the way in which many rock music bands choose to portray themselves. This article examines the ways in which the punk rock music industry changed after the Sex Pistols. The article is relevant to the research as it examines the ways in which political ideologies affected the way in which punk rock bands dressed and behaved. Although the research is not specifically about punk rock bands, the article is still relevant to explaining how political ideologies may affect the appearance of rock music bands in general. This article examines and define... 1 (Spring 2000): 85. This article examines the ways in which the punk rock music industry changed after the Sex Pistols. The article is relevant to the research as it examines the ways in which political ideologies affected the way in which punk rock bands dressed and behaved. Although the research is not specifically about punk rock bands, the article is still relevant to explaining how political ideologies may affect the appearance of rock music bands in general. 3. Hibbett, Ryan "What is Indie rock" Popular Music and Society 28, no. 1 (February 2005): 55-77. This article examines and defines the category Indie rock. It is relevant to the research as it examines the way in which Indie rock bands are societally differentiated and how appearance contributes to this. 4. Johnson, Fred "U2, Mythology and Mass-mediated Survival" Popular Music and Society 27, no. 1 (February 2004): 79-99. This article examines how the band U2 have successfully mass marketed themselves. This is relevant to the research as U2 is a rock music band which has been successful for many years and has a clear set of beliefs behind the band. These ideas are portrayed in the music clearly, and the article examines how they may also be presented through the image of the band. This demonstrates the ways in which ideology may be linked to appearance in rock music bands. 5. McCarthy, Kate "Not pretty girls: Sexuality, spirituality and gender construction in women's rock music." Journal of Popular Culture 39, no. 1 (February 2006): 69-94. The article examines the stereotype of the female rock star. This article is relevant to the research as it examines the ways in which ideologies and beliefs may be quashed in order to conform to

Advanced Corporate Reporting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Advanced Corporate Reporting - Essay Example However these are voluntary in nature and not mandatory for the organizations. The triple bottom line approach theory to sustainability stipulates that profit is not the only parameter, based on which performance of a company need to be evaluated and judged. This is a narrow way of performance evaluation. There other â€Å"bottom lines â€Å"which should be taken into consideration for effectively measuring performance of a company. These are: economic, social and environmental performance. John Elkington first coined the term triple bottom line approach in 1997 (Elkington,, 1997). The most important question that comes to mind is why do companies provide information about their role in preserving environment and social responsibility? According to the Committee for Economic Development (1971), it is important for an organization to take care of the demands of its stakeholders which consists of its employees, customers and other sundry shareholders. These demands should be met with by the organizations, within the acceptable limit of legal framework and the one which is socially acceptable in the society. One has to examine whether the provisions of non – financial information is compatible with the view that the social responsibility of a business is to increase profits. This needs to be examined in terms of specific theories. The corporate social reporting is done on the basis of two theories that are Stakeholder theory and Legitimacy theory. According to Stakeholder theory, any group which is part of the organization can influence its decision. The organization and the stakeholders are interconnected and are accountable for their actions to the society. Organization and the stakeholders are also interconnected to take care of the interests of the organization (Villiers, 2006). The legitimacy theory has a different view on the reporting of social responsibility. According to this theory, organizations continuously make attempts to make sure that they work within the parameters of and customs lay down by the society they work in. In other words, their focus is on carrying out those activities which are perceived as legitimate by forces existing in the external environment. (Degan 2000). The legitimacy theory further states that an organization can adopt the following strategies for reporting its social responsibilities. The first one is, educate the stakeholders. This is done by explaining to them, specific tasks being performed by the organization in meeting their obligations towards the society. Advertising and public relations activities play a significant role in fulfilling this task. Educational programs, specifically designed for this purpose would be quite helpful in educating the stakeholders. The second option available with the organization is bring out change in the external expectations of its performance. By continuously publishing in the media, stories of its achievements the expectations of its performance can be changed to a large extent. For example, if a company releases advertisement in the newspaper (and other electronic media) about declaring dividends on a regular basis, then the expectations in the mind of investors would also change and they would expect the company to perform well, year after year. This can have dangerous repercussions for the company because if it is not able to perform well in a particular year, then its image would suffer greatly. By following the strategy of changing the stakeholders’ perceptions of the events, organizations can carry out their responsibilities. These events can range from positive to negative. For example in case of negative event such a report published in the media about

Organization Psychology Essay Example for Free

Organization Psychology Essay During the period between 2002 and 2005 a cancer center in Jordan i. e. King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC) changed its organization model from traditional to transformed model. The need for transformation was in response to external factors of the environment in order to accommodate the needs of its stakeholders. Initially the center was called Al-Amar center which had operations and image problems that were affecting the organization (Miller, 2006). Al-Amar centre was perceived to be ineffective institution for caring of cancer . However it has transformed into a comprehensive centre for cancer that resemble western styles. The name of this centre changed to King Hussein Cancer Centre (KHCC) following the change between 2002 and 2005 there were improved care services and improved its quality levels. In the same period the center was accredited and achieved Joint Commission International (JCI) (Miller, 2006). Organization Psychology Following the changes of KHCC it was able to achieve accountability, fiscal balance, certificate of accreditation from the international body and diversification of the service. There are three concepts which are believed to have led to the rapid changes in KHCC these are transnational culture, transformational leadership and political competence (Jeffrey, Gregory Andrew, 2007). Both natural and political values are included in transformational leadership formulation. Transformational leadership can be explained by looking at the values, norms and cultural organization behavior; others are like internal negotiations, political influence in assessing such resources and setting external boundaries. The mechanisms that facilitated changes lie within the capabilities of the leaders and their behavior. The leaders in KHCC were seen to sacrifice themselves a great deal in drawing out themselves and the followers. The leaders were devoted to attend to the needs of patients and those of lower level employees. This was in an effort to raise the healthcare standards the attributes that result from transformational leadership are universal and are mediated by specific cultural expectations from the lower employees (Miller, 2006). The characteristics of leadership in KHCC were not cultural specific. There is new form of leadership that is different from the previous one. The new leadership is goal oriented and allows participation of the followers in identification, implementation and evaluation of projects and programs aimed at improving the performance of the healthcare. However transformational leadership can be autocratic or democratic but the form of leadership that is observed in KHCC involves all the stakeholders in the project design and implementation of their programs. The aspect of involvement of the stakeholders fall under four components in KHCC i. e. intellectual stimulation, idealized stimulation, ideological motivation and individual consideration (Jeffrey, Gregory Andrew, 2007). Inspirational motivation can be created by leaders by articulating the future of the organization through setting of higher goals and standards that are inspiring and appealing to the follower. These goals or standards make the follower to be optimistic in what they are doing and therefore they will sacrifice themselves even where there are difficulties. For an organization to move to higher level of service it requires the team members to sacrifice themselves. Activities such as problem solving, daily meeting and working in late hour’s in order to meet the goals and objectives of the organization requires personal sacrifice and therefore there is need for the stake holders to be motivated (Miller, 2006). Initially the safety of the patients was compromised and therefore the leaders and the followers of KHCC committed themselves inured to create higher standards and improve the health care services. Idealized influence can be achieved when the follower admire or emulate a leader as being ideal. The followers of KHCC admired their leaders since they had high level of commitment, show of professionalism and they were willing to take care of patients. Respect of the leaders is also necessary in the achievement of the vision of the organization. In KHCC the goals are expressed to the team as inspirations and all the stakeholders are involved. There is training for staff at all levels based on the individual needs. Team building serves to reinforce commitment mutual respect and gathering ideas. Intellectual stimulation and individual consideration are behaviors among the leaders that attend to individuals with challenging issues or needs, concerns and soliciting the ideas of others (Andrea, 1997). Cultural sensitivity also contributed to the transformation of KHCC. This refers to the art of understanding the preference, norms and biases which may result to ineffective patient interaction. Cultural sensitivity and competence contribute to the success of the organization. At KHCC the staffs are recruited with knowledge of global technologies and communication that contribute to a medical society globally. Currently many international corporations are living expatriates with both local and western knowledge. Cultural competence can be gained by deploying information technology (Bommel, 2005). Prior to the transformation of KHCC information technology was poor and therefore the rapid growth of the center required a wider distribution of information technology. At KHCC video conferencing internet and e-mail access, access to national and global libraries of health, telepathology have been made possible. The increased use of information technology has influenced transnational culture (Moe, 2007). The establishment of the information technology was to enhance the health services to patients. The technologies have made KHCC to advance into western center for cancer. There is advanced training that has facilitated competent and qualified clinical scientist who is familiar with therapeutic and clinical oncopology practice. Through the training they have succeeded in both internal and international medical environment (Bommel, 2005). â€Å"End of life† is a service that has been implemented in KHCC and did not exist previously. This is a system that was implemented during transformation and was aimed at prolonging life. The system is also aimed at paying attention to quality of life of patients. The staffs have been able to create and mobilize cultural support through training that they undergo under palliative care. The staff has also diversified their language in order to break the language barrier and cater for the needs of all the stake holders. The influence and control between the stakeholders also have contributed to the rapid transformation of KHCC. The confidence and trust that is created by the leaders confer the followers’ willingness to follow or have an explanation of their willingness. KHCC staffs were able to create this confidence among their followers and therefore contributed to the rapid growth (Andrea, 1997). The staffs were also genuine and sincere in their commitment towards the achievement of KHCC the relationship between the domestic organization of healthcare, senior staffs and the overseas organization was vital for the transformation of KHCC. This relationship enabled the center to use effectively the technologies in order to cater for the needs of the stakeholders. Conclusion Culture extends beyond the boundaries of institutes. The professional role of culture and cultural context that is carried within information technology can make globalization to be possible. Political competence as a characteristic of a leader has a particular utility in the role of government in promoting health care and resource use and exchanges. Government incentives should include political capabilities in setting external broader boundaries in environment. Political capabilities can help to achieve the desired goals of an institution since they impact on their financial status. Therefore political competence need to be identified and leaders be trained on how to posses them. During the rapid changes of KHCC there were growing number of patients and programs and services increased (Moe, 2007)

Intra- and interpersonal perception Essay Example for Free

Intra- and interpersonal perception Essay How does intra- and interpersonal perception (understanding yourself and other people) contribute to individual success both at university and later at work? In this world of change and complexity, studying hard at school and dedicating at work are not enough to succeed at university and workplace. There are many factors affecting one’s life. The main factor comes from inner world of an individual. As the saying goes: nothing is too difficult if you put your heart into it. Therefore, deepen the understanding of inner world of is important to an individual. Moreover, in order to succeed at both university and later at work, having intra- and interpersonal perception are vital for an individual. This essay will discuss how does intra- and interpersonal perception contribute to individual success both at university and later at work by mainly focused on that enhanced study result by self-monitoring and raised work performance by communication with colleague. Interpersonal perception is a type of social psychology, it means how you perceive a target, and the target can be a person apart from yourself (David A, 1994). In laymen’s terms, interpersonal perception can be defined as how much does an individual understand about the others. The purpose of having an interpersonal perception is to communicate with others successfully and get advantages from the successful communication. Having a better understanding of others can lead an individual to be success at both University and later at work. This essay will further discuss about this point in the following paragraphs. In order to communicate with others successfully, an individual must first learn to communicate with himself or herself. That means having a better understanding of our inner feeling is needed. This can be called as intrapersonal perception. In the daily life, an individual may not perfectly understand about what the inner feeling is when acting different behaviors. This will cause an individual to feel uncomfortable. Therefore, having an intrapersonal perception is very important. In order to develop intrapersonal perception, individuals should be able to describe what they strive for as their own personal values, vision and objective (Hanbury, Sapat, Washington, 2004). Intrapersonal perception will be built after having a deeper understanding of an individual’s goals of life. Therefore, it allows an individual to adjust his or her behaviors and reduce the feeling of uncomfortable. After having an intrapersonal perception, an interpersonal perception can be developed by enhancing communication with others. But above all, both perceptions can lead an individual to succeed at work and University. Intrapersonal perception can help students to get a better study result at University and enhance performance at job by increasing self-monitoring and self-awareness. When an individual knowing more about himself or herself, disadvantages will be found and hence increases their self-awareness. Bercher pointed out that accurate self-regulation can help a student to get a better result and greater performance at school (2012). When a student can be aware of his or her state of study, they will be able to adjust their performance. More importantly, students should clearly know about themselves at first. Secondly, they will find out what behaviors and what disadvantages should be improved in order to achieve the goals of study at school. At last, students will adjust their study methods or put more effort on study. As a result, the goals will be easier to accomplish and the study progress will be under their control. Moreover, intrapersonal perception can help an individual to be success at workplace. Employees’ attitude is very important to their performances at work. A positive attitude can lead an employee to accomplish a task more easily. When the employees knowing more about themselves, they can clearly know about what are their goals at work and what should they do to achieve the goals. Therefore, employee’s work attitude will be changed positively caused by their self-awareness. Performance and workplace behavior will also be improved. When an individual can own the ability of self-monitoring at workplace, attitude and workplace performance will be continently adjusted, it leads an individual to be success at work by having a higher performance. Furthermore, having an interpersonal perception can help an individual to obtain a higher result at both University and workplace by improving communication skill and increasing communication with others. Firstly, different types of group project are needed in the University. Having a better understanding of the others can help to obtain a successful coordination and get a better performance at group project. When the others thinking are highly understood by an individual, the individual will be able to coordinate with them in a more suitable way (Abele, Stasser, 2008). That means the communication with others will be improved and it leads to a successful coordination. Additionally, when a student having a better understand of other schoolmates, he or she can be able to compare their differences in study method, and hence to make an adjustment in order to improve study result. Also, having an interpersonal perception can benefit an individual at work. When an individual having a deeper understand of others, he or she can find an appropriate way to interact with them and obtain a better performance at work (Vrinda, 2001). Knowing others is an important skill, it helps an individual to analyze others behavior. Once an individual can be able to understand colleagues at workplace more accurately, he or she can communicate with them in a more suitable way and can have a better coordination. It will decrease conflict and enhance working result. Apart from improving working performance by appropriate interaction with others, interpersonal perception can also help an individual to get a job more easily and keep the job. Because it helps an individual to have a higher understanding of the examiner’s mind. In conclusion, intra- and interpersonal perception help an individual to have a self-monitoring ability and a better communication skill. Therefore, the performance at work and study progress at University of an individual can be improved by continually self-monitoring and enhancing interaction with others. Also, it allows an individual to obtain a higher study result and to have a better performance at workplace. Finally, intra- and interpersonal perception can help an individual to be success bot at university and later at work.

Louis Philippe Sub Brands Marketing Essay

Louis Philippe Sub Brands Marketing Essay Louis Philippe was launched in India in 1989. Celebrating the sophistication of the Indian gentleman, Louis Philippe garments establish that their wearer is a man of infallible taste and class. The brands Franco-Italian lineage, combined with its focus on global fashion gives it indisputable premium and an exclusive image. Today, Louis Philippe is a brand leader in formal and quasi-formal wear. The embellished Crest is a sign that the wearer of a Louis Philippe wardrobe has truly arrived. Today, the Crest is prized even more for its focus on luxury, exquisite craftsmanship and attention to detail, establishing that its wearer is truly a member of The Upper Crest. The comfort and perfection of the clothing is also evident in their line of elegant shoes, crafted from the finest leather, and their range of innerwear, sourced from the softest cotton. Louis Philippe garments are available at 125 stores, and at the exclusive LP stores created by famous European architect John Marsala. The brand continues to be the leader in retail sales in all leading menswear and department stores. The retail experience is further augmented by Madura Fashion Lifestyles retail chain Planet Fashion. Louis Philippe also launched sub-brands including LP and Luxure. LP by Louis Philippe has an exciting range of shirts, trousers, T-shirts, suits, jackets and accessories to put together a youthful wardrobe. Luxure, the masterpiece collection, was created to deliver sartorial elegance for the refined connoisseur. Louis Philippe recently made a foray into the footwear segment, offering more than 40 exciting designs, in an unparalleled width in the formals market. Louis Philippe sub brands LP by Louis Philippe http://www.madurafnl.com/brands/images/lp_image.jpg Louis Philippe expanded its offering with the launch of a sub-brand in November 2007. LP by Louis Philippe is aimed at young achievers and upscale urbanites, who demand wardrobe versatility. It ascertains the style mantra for todays generation.   Formals finally get what they have always deserved: style, attitude and panache. The new age formals with hidden styling detail in every single garment: a coloured gusset on the side seam, an innovative trim, or a unique fabric wash. Half the battle is already won with the all-occasion LP wardrobe. Priding itself on being the trendsetter for the cool, stylishly spirited confident youngster who lives today with a confident eye on tomorrow, LP is the brand for those who are in a hurry to make a mark in this world, but will not compromise on either their values or on fun, en route.   The LP line has an exciting range of shirts, trousers, T-shirts, suits, jackets and accessories to put together a youthful wardrobe. Crafted with love and passion, and a fine eye for detail, the collection has been designed by ThincTank New York, a group of ace designers from New York, and the Design laboratory at Bangalore. With two trendy fits in shirts and denims, four styles in trousers and three in suits and jackets, the LP range provides ample options for customising a wardrobe to individual preferences.   Luxure Inspired by Louis Philippe, a monarch of another age, and Art Nouveau, an artistic movement of an era gone by, brand Louis Philippe was born in the United Kingdom in 1965.   A lyrical ode to the tailor, artist, craftsman, all rolled into one, Louis Philippe celebrates the craft of the artisan in true Art Nouveau style. Louis Philippe test-launched the Luxure brand in select stores across India in November 2008. Created to deliver sartorial elegance for the refined connoisseur, the masterpiece collection strengthens brand Louis Philippes promise to deliver excellence to customers who have an appreciation of the finer things in life. With Luxure, consumers have access to exquisite apparel, consummate craftsmanship, luxurious materials and delicate aesthetics, all core to the values and heritage of Louis Philippe. Louis Philippe footwear http://www.madurafnl.com/brands/images/luxure_shoe.jpg Louis Philippe recently made a foray into the footwear segment, offering more than 40 exciting designs, in an unparalleled width in the formals market. The footwear range includes the Classic, the Dress and the Relaxed product lines for style-conscious, comfort-seeking customers. Louis Philippe shoes have been manufactured with the latest know-how of the Italians, who are known for their fine craftsmanship. Louis Philippe shoes undergo 200 different processes of production excellence in order to craft every single masterpiece. Pure leather has been used for both the outer body and the inner lining. The soles are soft and light; some of them constructed with the lightest wood, Masonite. Leather boards have been introduced in the front and back of the shoe to help retain its elegant shape for a long time. Twin material leather sole helps it to breathe and thereby retain freshness for the feet at all times. In order to provide longevity, technical sole construction is introduced in the shoes. TALKIN ABOUT BRAND BUILDING ACTIVITIES Teeing off Indias richest domestic golf tournament   Louis Philippe is a premium brand synonymous with sophistication, style and success, qualities that are essentially associated with golf as well. And in a perfect match between the Madura Fashion Lifestyle brand and the prestigious sport, Louis Philippe has come to be associated with Indias richest domestic golf tournament, the Louis Philippe Cup, held at the KSA Golf Course, Bangalore, between March 5- 10, 2012.   According to Jacob John, Brand Head, Louis Philippe, fan involvement is a key element of the Louis Philippe Cup. We want to build a platform where true golf fans have a chance to play alongside pros, he adds. Pointing out that the values and qualities of Louis Philippe blend with those of golf, he feels this association with the premier sport is a perfect match, and will help the brand to move up to the next rung in the ladder. The Louis Philippe Cup is creating a buzz in Indias 100,000-strong golf community, which is growing phenomenally. The event promised to tee-off greater interest in the sport, raising its profile across India. Louis Philippe presents DIMENSIONS with Vijay Amritraj Louis Philippe, the premium mens clothing brand, in association with CNN-IBN brings you Dimensions with Vijay Amritraj, a first-of-its-kind show in the history of Indian television. This special series presented by Louis Philippe, will be anchored by the legendary tennis player Vijay Amritraj and will feature the brightest global icons that have mesmerised people across the globe with their magic; from sporting legends and business tycoons to supermodels and Hollywood A-listers. http://www.madurafnl.com/images/dimension_vijay_donald.jpg BUSINESS POTENTIAL AND ENVIRONMENT FACTOR ASSESSMENT A Shirt A Louis Philippe Shirt Functional Emotional/Functional Concrete, Rational Conceptual, Perceived Describes What Describes What Who Generic Unique, Distinct Limited life span Unlimited life span Transaction oriented Relationship oriented Easy to copy Cant be copied Luxury Brand Management Protect clients from non-clients. Luxury brand awareness must be superior to its penetration. An object must always be up to par with its brand. Brand Strategy Source Brand Strategy Endorsing Brand Stategy Analysts said the new sub-brands which were launched as a result of the brand getting extended both to new segments as well as to other product classes like footwear would contribute too much of the projected future growth. Despite the phenomenal growth in the sales, the Louis Philippe brand had been facing some problems. The raw material costs associated with apparel making had increased due to the high rates of inflation which the Indian economy had been facing for some years before 2011. Rupee Depreciation Blues Louis Philippe has stepped up local sourcing and reduced imports to protect it from the rupees vagaries. It imports specialty fabrics, trims, finishing and woven garments from China, Indonesia, Italy and Turkey. Imports account for 25 per cent of its fabric needs. This used to be 35 per cent till a few months ago. With the rupee depreciation, imports have become costlier. We have increased domestic sourcing to reduce dependence on imports. If the rupee behaviour continues, we will reduce imports further, says Jacob John, Brand Head. Specialty fabrics The brand has traditionally sourced from mills in Ahmedabad and Chandigarh. Apart from deepening existing ties, Louis Philippe has now found new suppliers in Kolhapur. Many Italian mills have set up units in Kolhapur, says John. But imports cannot be shunned, given that certain specialty fabrics are hard to find in the country. They need a good balance of local and imported fabrics. We are negotiating with suppliers abroad on the price front. While the rupee depreciation has not affected most apparel brands in the country, as they mainly source locally, premium brands which have a high import content face a margin squeeze. The weak rupee forced Louis Philippe to hike retail prices by Rs 100-200 in July, which marked the start of the autumn-winter season. Price hikes Earlier, Louis Philippe shirts were priced between Rs 1,299 and Rs 3,000. Now, the price range is Rs 1,399-Rs 3,500. With the end-of-season sales hogging the limelight in July-August, the real impact of the price hike will be felt this month onwards. There is an overall sluggishness in the market. Hopefully, the festive season will perk things up. We will continue to expand our retail network aggressively. Says Brand Head. In the last one year alone, Louis Philippe added 50 exclusive stores to take its total tally to 135. Louis Philippe expects to grow 15 per cent and touch a retail turnover of Rs 1,000 crore this year. OVERVIEW These new super premium ranges of branded apparel were priced 100 percent higher than the other existing premium brands in the market. The Louis Philippe brand was also extended to cater to the needs of different customer segments. Louis Philippe entered the luxury market for mens formals with the introduction of the Luxure sub brand. Luxure was very successful and contributed to nearly 15 percent of the total revenues in the stores in which it was introduced. Louis Philippe introduced another sub brand called LP for semi-formal clothing for young customers. It also introduced premium footwear for men in the year 2010. The introduction of new sub brands paid off and the sales of Louis Philippe reached Rs. 6.5 billion for the fiscal year ending March. 2011. But Louis Philippe was also facing some challenges in the form of new players entering the market and an increase in excise duties which increased the price of branded apparel. The question to be asked is whether Louis Philippe wil l be able to sustain its growth momentum in future and what the implications are for marketing. The market for branded readymade mens wear was very limited in India till the early 1980s. The growth rates were also very low. One of the main reasons for this was that Indian men were accustomed to buying cloth and getting it stitched as per their custom body measurements. This practice hindered the emergence of national level brands in the apparel business. The market began to change by the mid-1980s and a small market for branded apparel started to emerge. One of the first entrants into this sector was Madura Coats India; a 51 percent subsidiary of the UK-based JP coats. It entered the ready to wear garments business in India through three divisions: Madura Garments (ready to wear clothing), Coats India (threads division), and Madura Textiles (fabric supplier). Madura Garments was acquired by ABG in the year 2000 and later renamed as Madura Fashion and Lifestyle (Madura FL) The Louis Philippe brand was extended into the footwear segment in April 2010. The entry into the footwear sector was aimed at giving more choice in style and needs to Indian customers in the matter of their footwear. The lack of choice in the Indian footwear market had led to many Indians shopping abroad for their footwear needs. Initially, mens shoes were launched in the formal wear sector with 40 unique designs to choose from. Just like its apparel business, the new footwear was launched in the premium and super-premium segments Continuing its growth momentum, sales of the Louis Philippe brand were expected to reach Rs. 8.50 billion by the fiscal year 2011- 2012.

Moving away from Theme Writing and Finding our Voices Essay -- Writing

Moving away from Theme Writing and Finding our Voices The attempt to discover my "voice" may seem less than insightful for the audience in which this paper is intended. It is quite a relief that I don't have to write a theme, pretending to be an expert on finding voice. The concept of voice is very new for me because I wasn't aware that I was conveying a tone or attitude in my writing that was so profoundly obvious. In preparation for this discussion I have spent time re-reading former assignments trying to "hear" the voice present in them. I think the concept of voice, as well as the new deliberate avoidance from theme writing, has put the entire class in the same boat. In this respect our writing talents are maturing. If the paper does not provide any insight on the new and powerful creative tool called voice, in the very least it will have benefitted me by helping me explore the voice in my writings. For that, each of you will have this opportunity to become familiar with me, the person and writer, through voice. Long before I decided to become an English major, I had decided I was a good writer. If I had to use one word to describe myself as a writer, it would be "thrifty". I could whip off papers that I was asked to write, on topics which I generally knew nothing about. Many of us could testify to the truth that we are conditioned to become theme writing specialists. It is almost as if we have been coerced to believe that writing of any other kind will push creativity beyond it's acceptable limits. I was continually praised for my writing "thriftiness". No matter what the subject was, I was an expert. The extensive use of latinate words in my work convinced the reader I knew exactly what I was talking about. I had ... ...ion, I would presume that people believe this because they weren't comfortable with the limitations imposed on them that made creating good writing, seem like an impossibility. We all struggle to discover whether we are good writers, and we look to our professor's paper evaluations to determine this. The promising thing about this class, is that we get to serve as mentors for each other. For this one time, we may submit our work to a larger audience for evaluation. Our success in writing doesn't have to hinge on the personal preferences and standards of just one person, our professor. I am optimistic, because although I continue to struggle with writing in voice, I have one and therefore I know I will discover it. It will enrich my writing enough so that I know I am capable of more than mechanical theme writing. Now that you hear my voice, what is it that you hear? Moving away from Theme Writing and Finding our Voices Essay -- Writing Moving away from Theme Writing and Finding our Voices The attempt to discover my "voice" may seem less than insightful for the audience in which this paper is intended. It is quite a relief that I don't have to write a theme, pretending to be an expert on finding voice. The concept of voice is very new for me because I wasn't aware that I was conveying a tone or attitude in my writing that was so profoundly obvious. In preparation for this discussion I have spent time re-reading former assignments trying to "hear" the voice present in them. I think the concept of voice, as well as the new deliberate avoidance from theme writing, has put the entire class in the same boat. In this respect our writing talents are maturing. If the paper does not provide any insight on the new and powerful creative tool called voice, in the very least it will have benefitted me by helping me explore the voice in my writings. For that, each of you will have this opportunity to become familiar with me, the person and writer, through voice. Long before I decided to become an English major, I had decided I was a good writer. If I had to use one word to describe myself as a writer, it would be "thrifty". I could whip off papers that I was asked to write, on topics which I generally knew nothing about. Many of us could testify to the truth that we are conditioned to become theme writing specialists. It is almost as if we have been coerced to believe that writing of any other kind will push creativity beyond it's acceptable limits. I was continually praised for my writing "thriftiness". No matter what the subject was, I was an expert. The extensive use of latinate words in my work convinced the reader I knew exactly what I was talking about. I had ... ...ion, I would presume that people believe this because they weren't comfortable with the limitations imposed on them that made creating good writing, seem like an impossibility. We all struggle to discover whether we are good writers, and we look to our professor's paper evaluations to determine this. The promising thing about this class, is that we get to serve as mentors for each other. For this one time, we may submit our work to a larger audience for evaluation. Our success in writing doesn't have to hinge on the personal preferences and standards of just one person, our professor. I am optimistic, because although I continue to struggle with writing in voice, I have one and therefore I know I will discover it. It will enrich my writing enough so that I know I am capable of more than mechanical theme writing. Now that you hear my voice, what is it that you hear?

The Impact of Teaching on Students Essay -- English Writing Teacher St

A number of people whom I have heard recount their former school days with an overall sense of calm or detachment have been moved to more intensity when speaking of their experiences with writing. Their stories either enthusiastically celebrate the encouragement and praise offered by teachers who facilitated their self-confidence and pride, or are miserable tales that depict feelings of humiliation, disappointment and failure. A closer look at these two extremes is imperative as we consider teaching writing and the impact of that teaching on the students. While listening to recollections of English classes, I have found that it is not unusual for the stories of a single individual to weigh as heavily in one direction as the other. One of the reasons I feel strongly about this issue is that it mirrors my own experiences as a returning student. Like the others with whom I’ve spoken, I have been applauded by some teachers and judged harshly by others. Comments on my papers have ranged from, â€Å"An outstanding essay. I enjoyed reading it immensely,† and â€Å"This is one of the best papers I’ve gotten in years. I shared it with a colleague of mine,† to â€Å"Who ever taught you how to write?† and â€Å"What? What? Cut, cut, cut. So wordy. Not more backfill!† A simple explanation might be that disparaging comments were directed at early writing and praise at later work, but that is not the case. What then can be the reason? Inconsistent work, of course, or perhaps the incongruity can be explained by the subjectivity inherent in the judgment of writing, particularly when contrasted with a more systematic assessment tool like multiple choice tests (there is subjectivity even in these, as regards wording and interpretation of the questions, but that is ... ...ucating Other People’s Children.† Cross-Talk in Comp Theory: A Reader. Ed. Victor Villanueva, Jr. Urbana, IL: NCTE, 1997. Elbow, Peter. Writing Without Teachers. London: Oxford University Press, 1973. Emig, Janet. â€Å"Writing as a Mode of Learning.† Cross-Talk in Comp Theory: A Reader. Ed. Victor Villanueva, Jr. Urbana, IL: NCTE, 1997. Murray, Donald M. â€Å"Writing as Process: How Writing Finds Its Own Meaning.† Learning By Teaching. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 1982. 17-31. Originally published in Timothy R. Donovan and Ben W. McClelland, eds. Eight Approaches to Teaching Writing. Urbana, IL: NCTE, 1980. Perl, Sondra. â€Å"Understanding Composing.† College Composition and Communications 31 (1980): 363-369. Reprinted in Gary Tate, Edward P. J. Corbett and Nancy Myers, eds. The Writing Teacher’s Sourcebook, 3rd edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. 149-154. The Impact of Teaching on Students Essay -- English Writing Teacher St A number of people whom I have heard recount their former school days with an overall sense of calm or detachment have been moved to more intensity when speaking of their experiences with writing. Their stories either enthusiastically celebrate the encouragement and praise offered by teachers who facilitated their self-confidence and pride, or are miserable tales that depict feelings of humiliation, disappointment and failure. A closer look at these two extremes is imperative as we consider teaching writing and the impact of that teaching on the students. While listening to recollections of English classes, I have found that it is not unusual for the stories of a single individual to weigh as heavily in one direction as the other. One of the reasons I feel strongly about this issue is that it mirrors my own experiences as a returning student. Like the others with whom I’ve spoken, I have been applauded by some teachers and judged harshly by others. Comments on my papers have ranged from, â€Å"An outstanding essay. I enjoyed reading it immensely,† and â€Å"This is one of the best papers I’ve gotten in years. I shared it with a colleague of mine,† to â€Å"Who ever taught you how to write?† and â€Å"What? What? Cut, cut, cut. So wordy. Not more backfill!† A simple explanation might be that disparaging comments were directed at early writing and praise at later work, but that is not the case. What then can be the reason? Inconsistent work, of course, or perhaps the incongruity can be explained by the subjectivity inherent in the judgment of writing, particularly when contrasted with a more systematic assessment tool like multiple choice tests (there is subjectivity even in these, as regards wording and interpretation of the questions, but that is ... ...ucating Other People’s Children.† Cross-Talk in Comp Theory: A Reader. Ed. Victor Villanueva, Jr. Urbana, IL: NCTE, 1997. Elbow, Peter. Writing Without Teachers. London: Oxford University Press, 1973. Emig, Janet. â€Å"Writing as a Mode of Learning.† Cross-Talk in Comp Theory: A Reader. Ed. Victor Villanueva, Jr. Urbana, IL: NCTE, 1997. Murray, Donald M. â€Å"Writing as Process: How Writing Finds Its Own Meaning.† Learning By Teaching. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 1982. 17-31. Originally published in Timothy R. Donovan and Ben W. McClelland, eds. Eight Approaches to Teaching Writing. Urbana, IL: NCTE, 1980. Perl, Sondra. â€Å"Understanding Composing.† College Composition and Communications 31 (1980): 363-369. Reprinted in Gary Tate, Edward P. J. Corbett and Nancy Myers, eds. The Writing Teacher’s Sourcebook, 3rd edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. 149-154.

The Views of Rupert Brooke and Wilfred Owen on War Essay -- Poets War

The Views of Rupert Brooke and Wil My selected poems are 'The Soldier' by Rupert Brooke and 'Dulce et Decorum est' by Wilfred Owen. Both war poems but conveying their different feelings and presenting their views of war in radically different ways. The poets have polarized views of war with Rupert Brooke writing his poem in a romanticized and patriotic way referring to the possibility of death as a noble cause, for England the land that gave him life. This is at odds to how Wilfred Owen views the reality and horror of war. The poets choice of title 'Dulce et Decorum est' which translated means 'It is lovely and honourable to die for your country' which in its self is irony, misleads you to think that the poem is going to be about how blissful it is to die for your country and how proud you should be, when the reality is so different. The title 'The Soldier' is also very misleading. The title suggests it's going to be about a solider at war and facing death when in fact it's about the glorification and pride or the author Brookes at the thought of serving his country. 'Dulce et decorum est' is a poem about Soldiers in 1st world war. The poet Wilfred Owen has created and described images in great detail. He creates the horrific images of war and the soldier's pain. The poem begins, 'Bent double. Like old beggars under sacks' Which instantly has great impact on my feelings and creates the image of the young soldier's hunched backed in pain and agony carrying enormous packs, walking slowly and haggard like old women. The pain that the soldiers are feeling is shown 'Knock-kneed, coughing like old hags, we cursed through sludge' implying that the soldiers were cold and afraid and feeling very ill... ...ormat to write a war poem in. It is written in the form of a sonnet because it is very romanticised poem e.g. 'Gave once her flowers to love, her ways to roam' 'Dulce et decorum est' was my favourite poem of the two, it's a very emotional poem and shows the harsh realities of war rather than a dreamy, imaginative poet writing about his fairy tale life style. Also it seems to me that as Rupert Brookes didn't fight in the war and lost his life to a measly mosquito bite, his poem is party deceptive and untruthful. I have come to the conclusion that both poets have polarized view on war. Wilfred Owen believed that war was a useless thing, risking young lives and seeing the pain that many of the men went through and Rupert Brookes saw war as a noble act. Brilliant and consequential thing risking your life to show you are faithful towards your country.

Principles of marketing Essay

1. Introduction   1.a What is marketing? Elements of marketing: Marketing is a business philosophy that seeks to address customers wants and needs by either determining what a customer wants or anticipating customer demands and then producing goods and services that meet these requirements. The marketing concept therefore differs significantly from the selling and the production concept, where it was what the firm produced that was sold. The production concept believed that all production sells and what is needed is a selling effort. In marked contrast, the marketing concept works first at determining what the customer needs and then producing the same so that the customer is satisfied. The elements of marketing include the customer, the product, the value of the product and the want it addresses. 1.b Advantages of marketing and criticism: The marketing approach ensures that the seller does not make mistakes in determining what the market demands. There is thus that much efficiency in the marketplace as production capacities are built depending on market feedback and what customers want. Also, as the marketing department knows what the customer wants, it is able to provide an efficient answer and design, at a cost that the customer is willing to pay. The marketing approach has also been criticized for its attempt at forecasting and determining personal choices. It is also criticized for influencing customers towards goods and services that they may actually not need, but are driven to these products through clever strategies that convert simple desires into burning needs. Marketing also has been criticized for using external influences through advertising and promotions to make people demand goods that they would otherwise not have found useful. Leveraging customer psychology to get people influenced by imaginary reference groups that they aspire to belong to, also is another tool used by marketing that is often criticized for its ability to attract customers. Modern marketing, with all available technology and databases that track customer behaviour, is a weapon that can be used by firms wanting to grab large market shares. It therefore tends to be unethical at times and needs string regulatory mechanisms. 1.c The marketing function The marketing function is a function that includes all activities that contribute to the marketing strategy and the marketing process. This function therefore covers all aspects of identifying customers, determining their needs, estimating wants, calculating total demand, building supply chains and constructing marketing promotion strategies through all available marketing channels. This also includes marketing controls and control systems that ensure that all activities undertaken by marketing departments are consistent with and in line with the objectives of the firm. The marketing planning and control mechanism tracks the various activities undertaken by the firm, and determines if the process is going as per plan. 1.d Marketing management: Monitoring and evaluating its marketing processes regularly, a firm is able to take corrective action. The monitoring of marketing activities is a specialized task that ensures the entire chain of activities is checked regularly, constant feedback taken and corrective measures instituted that bring the plan back to the path desired so the firm’s overall objectives are met and are not deviated from. The marketing function starts with a marketing plan that is a written statement of objectives and processes that the firm would undertake to meet its goals. This plan is constantly recalled to ensure the control system and the action plan sticks to the strategy that has been drafted. The plan takes into account the economic environment the firm exists in, the regulatory framework, and the demographic characteristics of the population, competitive forces and product characteristics. The marketing mix   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Product: The marketing mix is central to any marketing plan that a marketing strategy evolves. The marketing mix primarily looks at the four components that have defined marketing strategy. These four major components of a marketing plan are the Product, Place, Price and Promotion. The first – product, focuses on making the firm’s product something that is of value for the customer, is constantly redefined to meet changing tastes and is what is actually something that meets market demand. The product that is marketed is defined by its quality, its functionality, the appearance, the service that comes with the product and the support provided to the customer. It is important for the firm to produce a product that is of high quality. In a competitive market, it is no longer possible to sell a product that is not of high quality as there are several substitutes available and competitors are always ready to improve quality. Hence the product is defined by it functionality and the brand that is built around the product. The brand defines product quality and provides customers with information about the product even before the product is bought and used. Additionally, the product is defined by what the firm provides by way of after sales support and service. Modern brands provide products with warranties that cover the risk of failure after the product is sold to the customer. Brands are built around the various facets of the product sold. A brand carries an inbuilt guarantee of the usefulness of the product. Brand building is essential to marketing management and defines the product part of the marketing mix. Products are also made so as to acquire certain niches in the market and this can be either done through specific functionalities or through product differentiation. Place: The second component is place and this focuses on the fact that the product would be made available to the customer at the right time and at the right place. It also includes the aspect that the product should also be available in the right quantities. Non-availability will move customers away to another substitute while too large a stick will increase inventory costs. So the correct balance needs to be struck. The place component of the marketing mix depends on the logistics that go into supplying the product to the customer at the right place and at the right time. The logistics department must identify appropriate locations, the appropriate channels of distribution, the channel partners that take the product to the customer and ensure maximum coverage. The place also defines the point of contact with the customer, the point of purchase advertising and the support locations. Modern technology has added a new dimension to place by way of providing Internet and mobile access to marketers. Using mobile phones and online marketing, customers are able to access distant locations at the click of a mouse and check out the product in a virtual environment. Delivery is quick because of the developments in transportation and travel. Support and service can now be provided through distant, centralized locations that are accessible through support centers and call centers. Successful marketing in today’s environment is a function of how well the marketer leverages modern technology by way of online brochures, online advertising and payment gateways.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Price: The price of course is a critical component of the marketing mix. In a competitive market where goods are homogenous and perfectly substitutable, it is price that would ensure some buyers for a new product. On the other hand, in similar situations, a product that is priced high could occupy the position of a superior good and guarantees a premium only because it attracts prestige and value to the product. In goods and services that are price elastic, price can e used as a strategic tool to increase margins, whereas in price inelastic markets, prices need to be kept stable. A large number of marketing strategies focus on the price range a product offers and the income levels and consumption characteristics of the customer in the neighborhood.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pricing is also a strategy that incorporates list prices and how they are estimated. The list price takes into account the competition and the channel margins. Where the marketer is using a push strategy, pricing must include incentives to retailers and wholesalers that enable them to push the product among the customers. Pricing also includes the strategy that involves using discounting and discounting sales to increase volumes periodically. Today pricing strategies also have to keep in mind leasing options and installment based payments. They must therefore allow for various financing options.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Promotion: The other important component of the marketing mix is the promotion package that is used by the marketer. Especially in a new market, where a product is being launched and introduced, it is critical for the market to accept the new product. Here is where the promotional aspect acquires a new dimension compared to the promotional strategy of a product that is entering a competitive market. Promotional strategies need to be carefully defined depending on the nature of the product and the market characteristics. The most important promotional tool used worldwide is advertising and this in the modern world is a strategic decision that must take into account the advertising mix that calculates what amounts of money and effort be spent on television, print media, internet advertising, bill boards, radio stations and mail brochures.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Also, in the days of consumer movements and regulatory mechanisms, it is important for promotion to concentrate on public relations. Most brands today spend a lot of effort in maintaining public relations through regular contact with the consumers and the media. Also promotion in specific goods and services is carried out through a direct sales network that requires a great amount of coordination and networking. It is also important to remember that, given its scope and coverage, promotion is an activity that requires scientific budgeting and monitoring. Promotion as an activity needs to cover the target audience, the end customer, the opinion makers and the potential buyers and channel members that could be part of the future supply chain.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The 4 P marketing mix model has been the one most used by various marketers all over the world and ensures that each of the marketing function gets covered and focused on. There have been those who have argued for a 5 P and even a 7 P marketing mix, especially to cover service products. The one extra P that is most often talked about is People, the human resource component that actually makes the efforts in tackling the 4 Ps. In any marketing firm, where customers need to be convinced and must trust the product, it is the people handling the product, the promotion and the supply chain that need to be extremely well trained, motivated and understanding of customer demands. Therefore it is often argued that the marketing mix must give an equal emphasis on its people and their training and incentives. However the 4 Ps discussed above are the most critical and need to be focused on to be able to successfully compete at the market place. Buyer behaviour   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   3.a Purchase decision: Purchase decision is a complex mechanism that involves a .large number of steps. The buyer behaves differently for high involvement and low involvement products. Products that are expensive and are in the nature of assets are high involvement products where the consumer takes time and makes efforts to look at various possible substitutes and competitors before making the purchase decision. The purchase decision is therefore sees to go through the various steps. There is a need recognition phase where the marketing begins. Here the buyer defines what his needs are the starts exploring possibilities that would solve the need. High involvement products there fore need great amounts of research before the buyer is able to decide. On daily consumables like soaps and toothpaste the buyer may not be as highly involved and easily makes decisions. Therefore after the need recognition process, the buyer then goes of ran information search through which a set of alternatives emerge. These are then weighed against various constraints and then the actual purchase decision is made. What follows is the post purchase behaviour and in this the buyer may actually regret making the decision or may go away satisfied. Marketers need to understand what is referred to as post purchase dissonance to be able to ensure good word of mouth promotion from existing customers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   3b. Reference groups, culture: Of course buyer behaviour depends a great deal on the cultural background where the market exists. In savings oriented societies buyer behaviour is quite different form societies marked by conspicuous consumption. Also buyers in certain societies are bound to make far more careful decisions than in certain other cultural frameworks. Also groups tend to alter behaviour is different settings. The reference group is a major decision maker for most customers who would like to reach a group that they aspire to belong to through similar buyer behaviour. This is why a large number of celebrities are used to sell products and promote them. To influence buyers who consider these celebrities as these reference groups and inspirational groups. 4. New product development   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Market plans and market strategies therefore are complex mechanism that must look at various aspects of buyer behaviour, product characteristics and promotional strategies. Very often in such mechanisms, it becomes critical for firms to make decisions regarding innovation and new product development,. It could sometimes to easy for a firm to simply provide a market with existing demand and give the same product that exists at a better price and better place. However this might not work as the first mover ahs an advantage. Also the demand levels keep changing as culture changes and incomes change.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Therefore new products must be offered and innovations required both in developing new products, in new segmentation strategies, in product differentiation, in defining new niche markets and in being able to design both push and pull promotional strategies. Innovation is the name of the game as markets become more competitive and the customer more demanding. Market strategy demands that innovative strategies and products be designed keeping the basics in mind – that of the need to study and satisfy customer demand. Marketing is a science that attempts at assessing demand and developing products and promotions that meet this demand at appropriate prices and places. Innovation in marketing must keep this design in mind and develop new processes and products that work at the market place. References Moorman C. and Rust T. R., (1999) The Role of Marketing, Journal of Marketing, Fundamental Issues and Directions for Marketing Webster F. E., (1992) The Changing Role of Marketing in the Corporation, Journal of Marketing Borden, N. H., (1964) The concept of the marketing mix, Journal of Advertising Research Howard, J and Sheth N. R. (1969), The theory off buyer behavior, John Wiley and Sons. Peter P. J. and Olson J. C., (2004) Consumer behavior and marketing strategy. Irwin/McGraw-Hill Grà ¶nroos C, (1991)The Marketing Strategy Continuum: Towards a Marketing Concept for the 1990s,   Journal: Management Decision Hooley G, Saunders J and Nigel Piercy N., (2004), Marketing Strategy and Competitive Positioning FT Prentice Hall Wind Y, Robertson TS., (1983) Marketing Strategy: New Directions for Theory and Research,   Journal of Marketing Fill C, (1995) Marketing communications: frameworks, theories and applications, Prentice Hall Mela CF, Gupta S, Lehmann DR, (1997) The Long-Term Impact of Promotion and Advertising on Consumer Brand Choice, Journal of Marketing Research

Elizabeth Bishop Essay

Elizabeth Bishop is a very highly skilled poet. She deals with several different but equally interesting subject matters. I am personally drawn to many elements of her work, for example her themes and style of writing. Bishop deals with many different themes, including family, death, beauty and survival. She also uses a very unique and intriguing style of writing. Bishop has a remarkable eye for detail, her poems reach a conclusion and she puts a huge amount of her own life into her work. Firstly I will look at the themes of her poetry. Family, childhood and home are recurring themes throughout her poetry. Bishop had quite an unfortunate childhood and lost both her parents at quite a young age. This is reflected in the unnerving images she often employs in accounts of her childhood. This theme is central to many of her poems. â€Å"Sestina†, for example, is dominated by mages of rain, failing light and tears. Also in â€Å"First Death in Nova Scotia† she captures the confusion of a child faced with the inexplicable fact of her cousin’s death. The use of the third person voice in â€Å"sestina† blends the poet’s adult perspective with the child’s. It also allows Bishop to distance herself emotionally. Quite noticeably there is no mother in â€Å"sestina†, which is reinforced by the repetition of â€Å"grandmother.† This lack of parental figure in Bishop’s life is common in her poems, all but â€Å"First Death in Nova Scotia†. â€Å"Come,’ said my mother† Bishop lost her mother at five years of age. Although her mother didn’t die at this time it is notable that the only poem in which she is mentioned is predominantly about death. It seems Bishop never knew a true home and her search for a sense of belonging is apparent in â€Å"Filling Station.† At first she is disgusted by the â€Å"dirty† filling station. However as the poem progresses she discovers that it is a â€Å"family filling station.† She notices a warmer, more feminine touch in the home. â€Å"They lie upon a big dim doily draping a taboret.† Bishop tells us that â€Å"somebody† embroidered the doily. This somebody is the mother of the â€Å"greasy sons.† There are also many other domestic comparisons in her work, such as the reference to â€Å"ancient wallpaper† and â€Å"tarnished tinfoil† in â€Å"The Fish.† â€Å"The Fish† uses many different types of descriptions. Bishop’s use of both factual, objective imagery and aesthetic, subjective imagery is an element of her work which really appealed to me. In contrast to factual description such as â€Å"rags of green weed hung down† there is quite a bit of romanticising such as â€Å"five haired beard of wisdom.† There is also a contrasting link between the fish and roses. Once again Bishop takes something quite unpleasant and makes it beautiful. â€Å"Speckled with barnacles† is hardly a pleasant image, much like the skin of the fish hanging off. However Bishop’s carefully chosen language shows beauty. Bishop also finds beauty in the most miserable of scenes. This is clear in â€Å"The Prodigal.† The prodigal lives in a pig sty, he leads a truly disgusting life. However Bishop’s ability to find beauty in the most miserable of places shines through. â€Å"The sunrise gazed the barnyard mud with red.† Beauty is discovered through a series of observations in â€Å"Filling Station.† At first glance the filling station is a filthy and thoroughly unpleasant place to be. â€Å"Oil-soaked, oil-permeated to a disturbing overall black translucency.† However she continues to discover more and more about their home and the images become more pleasant. â€Å"Embroidered with daisy stitch with marguerites.† Another interesting theme throughout Bishop’s work is death. â€Å"First Death in Nova Scotia† deals with a child’s first experience of death. The child is younger than five and doesn’t understand death. This is showing where she speaks about the stuffed loon. â€Å"Since Uncle Arthur fired a bullet into him he hadn’t said a word.† The child doesn’t understand what has happened or what will happen to â€Å"little cousin Arthur.† She is unfamiliar with coffins and compares his to a â€Å"little frosted cake† because it is small and white. In the final lines of the poem the child becomes frustrated due to her confusion. â€Å"But how could Arthur go and the roads deep in snow?† Throughout â€Å"The Fish† the animal’s life is in the speaker’s hands. She holds him â€Å"half out of water,† while he breathes in the â€Å"terrible oxygen†, the fish is slowly dying in her hands and she must decide whether or not he is worth saving. Ultimately the speaker decides the fish is far too â€Å"venerable† to lose its life. â€Å"And I let the fish go.† The final theme I will look at is survival. This is shown best in â€Å"The Fish† and â€Å"The Prodigal.† â€Å"The Fish† shows that nature’s creatures are like humans in their ability to suffer and learn from that suffering. The â€Å"tremendous† creature has escaped death at the hands of previous fishermen 5 times. â€Å"A five haired heard of wisdom trailing from his aching jaw.† The word â€Å"wisdom† shows that he has become wise from his struggles. â€Å"The Prodigal† shows survival in a different sense. The alcoholic in this poem will endure anything to maintain his addiction. Surviving in vile conditions to maintain his drinking. â€Å"The Prodigal† also made me question my own attitudes towards addiction, helping me to understand and sympathise with it. Many poems have attention to the senses. This shows Bishop’s commitment to detail. This is very strong in â€Å"The Prodigal.† Sound, â€Å"their little feet and snored;† smell, â€Å"the brown enormous odour;† touch â€Å"he leaned to scratch her head;† and sight â€Å"plastered half way up with glass smooth dung.† This attention to all our senses is also strong in â€Å"The Prodigal†. Sound, â€Å"their little feet and snored†; smell â€Å"The brown enormous odour†; touch â€Å"he leaned to scratch her head†; and of course sight â€Å"the sty was plastered halfway up with glass-smooth dung† Our senses are also used in â€Å"Sestina†. Sound, â€Å"rain that beats; smell â€Å"she cuts some bread†; touch â€Å"she thinks the house feels chilly†; and finally sight â€Å"With crayons the child draws a rigid house†. Bishop’s concern with every day, ordinary objects also adds to her compelling dedication to detail. This is at the heart of â€Å"The Fish,† â€Å"Filling Station† and â€Å"First Death in Nova Scotia.† As such she allows us to see how wonderfully attractive the world can be if we stop and pay attention to the details. In â€Å"The Fish† for example, Bishop describes a â€Å"tremendous,† fish that she caught. She compares the fish’s skin to â€Å"ancient wallpaper† and speaks of the â€Å"rosettes of lime† that she sees. Even the aspects of the fish that she cannot see, his insides and entrails, she describes in intricate detail. Likewise this fascinating attention to detail is also apparent in â€Å"Filling Station.† Standing before an average filling station the poet becomes increasingly curious about the place. â€Å"Why the extraneous plant?† she wonders. In â€Å"First Death in Nova Scotia,† we discover Bishop’s commitment to detail was something she possessed even as a young child. â€Å"Edward, Prince of Wales†¦ with Queen Mary.† As she tells this poem from her childhood perspective the images are childlike and unusual, however they stay true to her particular technique. This ability of Bishop’s to see beyond the ordinary, to note and appreciate the wonder in the everyday objects around us is refreshing All of Bishops poetry reveals how time spent observing the world around us can lead to interesting conclusions and insights. Colour is also an appealing quality of her work. There is a lot of colour throughout â€Å"The Fish†, we never go more than a few lines without the next addition of colour. These colours get much more vibrant as the poem progresses, going from his â€Å"brown skin† to â€Å"rusted orange.† The steady progression of colour ultimately leads to the exclamation â€Å"rainbow, rainbow, rainbow!† In â€Å"The Prodigal† she mentioned â€Å"the brown enormous odour.† Attaching a colour to the odour strengthens the unbearable stench and I think it creates one of Bishop’s strongest descriptions. Unlike â€Å"The Fish†, â€Å"First Death in Nova Scotia,† references the same colours repeatedly. Red and white are repeated and references continuously. The â€Å"frozen lake† which the loon sits on is mentioned twice along with â€Å"frosted cake,† â€Å"white like a doll,† and â€Å"left him white forever.† This colour may represent peace or innocence. The child also mentions the loon’s â€Å"red eyes† twice, as well as â€Å"a few strokes of red† and â€Å"warm in red.† This may represent pain or suffering. There is also reference to colour in â€Å"Filling Station.† The difference here is that Bishop focuses on the lack of definite colour. Greys and blacks make up the scene, â€Å"Black translucency.† The repetition of â€Å"dirty† reinforces this. The lack of colour makes the comics stand out, â€Å"the only note of certain colour.† A common theme throughout all of Bishop’s work is her ability to reach a conclusion in order to end the poem. Her conclusions include â€Å"And I let the fish go†; â€Å"But it took him a long time finally to make his mind up to go home†; â€Å"The child draws another inscrutable house† and â€Å"Somebody loves us all†. Quite notable there isn’t a pleasant ending to â€Å"First Death in Nova Scotia† which reinforces the lack of understanding in the child and her inability to give her cousin a happy ending. What I personally admire most about Bishop’s work is how much of herself she puts into her poetry. On a deeper level, â€Å"Filling Station† may be about Bishop herself. She missed and longed for a mother figure in her own life. Sadly she and her mother were separated when she was only 5 years old. â€Å"Sestina† deals with the period of time just after the separation. The mother is absent from the scene and she draws a man who we presume is her late father. â€Å"Then the child puts in a man†. â€Å"The Prodigal† represents her problems with alcoholism and was inspired by drinking in a barn. She, like the prodigal, suffered with addiction. â€Å"First death in Nova Scotia† is the only poem where Bishop mentions her mother, showing us she has some memory of her. It is significant that the only poem where she mentions her is one where death and the understanding of death is the central theme. â€Å"The Fish† shows the ability to struggle on and survive, despite all odds. The Fish was like Bishop because it had grown tired of fighting for its life. Bishop’s poetry displays her need throughout her life to find stability and order. Bishop never outgrew the loss of her mother and the terrible feeling of not belonging. Elizabeth Bishop’s work is fantastic and compelling, allowing the reader to see into her own life through varied themes and subject matters. Her style of writing is appealing and unusual and this makes her an incredibly skilled poet. Bishop is honest in her portrayal of her upbringing which is undoubtable very appealing.